Bianbu Desktop 2.0 ROOTFS制作

环境要求

宿主机推荐 Ubuntu 20.04/22.04，且安装了 docker ce 和 qemu-user-static（8.0.4，定制版，默认开启了 Vector 1.0 支持）。

docker

docker ce 安装可参考 https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ 。

qemu

卸载 binfmt-support

定制版的 qemu-user-static 与 binfmt-support 有冲突，因为 binfmt-support 提供的 /etc/init.d/binfmt-support 属于传统的 SysVinit 启动脚本，而定制版的 qemu-user-static 提供的 /lib/systemd/system/systemd-binfmt.service 是 systemd 服务单元文件。/etc/init.d/binfmt-support 会晚于 /lib/systemd/system/systemd-binfmt.service 执行，导致覆盖 systemd 的设置。
```
sudo apt-get purge binfmt-support
```

下载定制版的 qemu

wget https://archive.spacemit.com/qemu/qemu-user-static_8.0.4%2Bdfsg-1ubuntu3.23.10.1_amd64.deb

安装定制版的 qemu

sudo dpkg -i qemu-user-static_8.0.4+dfsg-1ubuntu3.23.10.1_amd64.deb

注册 qemu-user-static 到内核，这样整个系统范围（含容器）均可以直接执行 riscv 的二进制文件
```
sudo systemctl restart systemd-binfmt.service
```
验证 qemu-user-static 是否注册成功
```
wget https://archive.spacemit.com/qemu/rvv
chmod a+x rvv
./rvv
```
出现以下信息表示注册成功。
```
helloworld
spacemit
```

准备基础 rootfs

创建工作目录
```
mkdir ~/bianbu-workspace
```

创建并启动容器

docker run --privileged -itd -v ~/bianbu-workspace:/mnt --name build-bianbu-rootfs harbor.spacemit.com/bianbu/bianbu:latest

进入容器

docker exec -it -w /mnt build-bianbu-rootfs bash

安装基本工具

apt-get update
apt-get -y install wget uuid-runtime

配置环境变量，方便后续命令使用

export BASE_ROOTFS_URL=https://archive.spacemit.com/bianbu-base/bianbu-base-24.04-base-riscv64.tar.gz
export BASE_ROOTFS=$(basename "$BASE_ROOTFS_URL")
export TARGET_ROOTFS=rootfs

下载
```
wget $BASE_ROOTFS_URL
```

解压到指定目录

mkdir -p $TARGET_ROOTFS && tar -zxpf $BASE_ROOTFS -C $TARGET_ROOTFS

挂载一些系统资源到 rootfs 中

mount -t proc /proc $TARGET_ROOTFS/proc
mount -t sysfs /sys $TARGET_ROOTFS/sys
mount -o bind /dev $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev
mount -o bind /dev/pts $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts

必要配置

配置源

首先配置环境变量，方便后续命令使用

export REPO="archive.spacemit.com/bianbu"
export VERSION="v2.0.4"

配置 bianbu.sources

cat <<EOF | tee $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/apt/sources.list.d/bianbu.sources
Types: deb
URIs: https://$REPO/
Suites: noble/snapshots/$VERSION noble-security/snapshots/$VERSION noble-porting/snapshots/$VERSION noble-customization/snapshots/$VERSION
Components: main universe restricted multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/bianbu-archive-keyring.gpg
EOF

配置 DNS

echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" >$TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/resolv.conf

安装硬件相关的包

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "apt-get update"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades upgrade"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install initramfs-tools"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-esos img-gpu-powervr k1x-vpu-firmware k1x-cam spacemit-uart-bt spacemit-modules-usrload opensbi-spacemit u-boot-spacemit linux-image-6.6.36"

安装元包

不同变体有不同的元包，

Minimal：bianbu-minimal
Dekstop：bianbu-desktop bianbu-desktop-zh bianbu-desktop-en bianbu-desktop-minimal-en bianbu-standard bianbu-development
NAS：bianbu-nas

minimal：

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-minimal"

Desktop:需要先安装 minimal 元包

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-minimal"

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-desktop bianbu-desktop-zh bianbu-desktop-en bianbu-desktop-minimal-en bianbu-standard bianbu-development"

NAS:

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-nas"

提示：完成全部包的安装后可以执行如下命令清理一下缓存，以减少最终固件的大小

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get clean"

通用配置

配置地区

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "apt-get -y install locales"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo \"locales locales/locales_to_be_generated multiselect en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8, zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8\" | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo \"locales locales/default_environment_locale select zh_CN.UTF-8\" | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "sed -i 's/^# zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8/zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8/' /etc/locale.gen"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "dpkg-reconfigure --frontend=noninteractive locales"

配置时区

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo 'tzdata tzdata/Areas select Asia' | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo 'tzdata tzdata/Zones/Asia select Shanghai' | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "rm /etc/timezone"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "rm /etc/localtime"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "dpkg-reconfigure --frontend=noninteractive tzdata"

配置时间服务器

sed -i 's/^#NTP=.*/NTP=ntp.aliyun.com/' $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf

配置密码

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo root:bianbu | chpasswd"

配置网络

如果仅安装了 minimal（bianbu-minimal）元包，则需要使用 netplan 配置网络，

cat <<EOF | tee $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
network:
    version: 2
    renderer: networkd
    ethernets:
        end0:
            dhcp4: true
        end1:
            dhcp4: true
EOF
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "chmod 600 /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml"

如果安装了 Desktop（bianbu-desktop）元包,则如下配置

cat >$TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml <<EOF
# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
EOF
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "chmod 600 /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml"

生成分区镜像

注意安装配置完后，先取消挂载！

mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/proc" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/proc
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/sys" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/sys
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/dev" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev

生成 UUID,并写入/etc/fstab

UUID_BOOTFS=$(uuidgen)
UUID_ROOTFS=$(uuidgen)
cat >$TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/fstab <<EOF
# <file system>     <dir>    <type>  <options>                          <dump> <pass>
UUID=$UUID_ROOTFS   /        ext4    defaults,noatime,errors=remount-ro 0      1
UUID=$UUID_BOOTFS   /boot    ext4    defaults                           0      2
EOF

移动 boot 到其他目录，以便分别制作 bootfs 和 rootfs 分区，

mkdir -p bootfs
mv $TARGET_ROOTFS/boot/* bootfs

生成 bootfs.ext4

mke2fs -d bootfs -L bootfs -t ext4 -U $UUID_BOOTFS bootfs.ext4 "256M"

生成rootfs.ext4

Minimal:

mke2fs -d $TARGET_ROOTFS -L rootfs -t ext4 -N 524288 -U $UUID_ROOTFS rootfs.ext4 "2048"

Desktop:

mke2fs -d $TARGET_ROOTFS -L rootfs -t ext4 -N 524288 -U $UUID_ROOTFS rootfs.ext4 "8848M"

NAS:

mke2fs -d $TARGET_ROOTFS -L rootfs -t ext4 -N 524288 -U $UUID_ROOTFS rootfs.ext4 "4048M"

此时，在当前目录可以看到两个分区镜像，bootfs.ext4 和 rootfs.ext4，可使用 fastboot 烧写到板子中。

制作固件

Titan固件

安装依赖
```
apt-get -y install zip
```

拷贝固件依赖的文件

export TMP=pack_dir
mkdir -p $TMP/factory/
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_emmc.bin $TMP/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_sd.bin $TMP/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_spinand.bin $TMP/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_spinor.bin $TMP/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/FSBL.bin $TMP/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/u-boot.itb $TMP
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/env.bin $TMP
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/riscv64-linux-gnu/opensbi/generic/fw_dynamic.itb $TMP
cp bootfs.ext4 $TMP
cp rootfs.ext4 $TMP

下载参考分区表

wget -P $TMP https://gitee.com/bianbu/firmware-config/raw/main/fastboot.yaml
wget -P $TMP https://gitee.com/bianbu/firmware-config/raw/main/partition_2M.json
wget -P $TMP https://gitee.com/bianbu/firmware-config/raw/main/partition_flash.json
wget -P $TMP https://gitee.com/bianbu/firmware-config/raw/main/partition_universal.json

打包
```
cd $TMP
zip -r ../bianbu-custom.zip *
```

SDCARD镜像

下面介绍如何使用genimage制作SDCARD镜像。

安装依赖

echo 'tzdata tzdata/Areas select Asia' | debconf-set-selections
echo 'tzdata tzdata/Zones/Asia select Shanghai' | debconf-set-selections
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y install wget python3 genimage

拷贝固件依赖的文件

export TMP_SD=pack_sd_dir
mkdir -p $TMP_SD/factory/
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_emmc.bin $TMP_SD/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_sd.bin $TMP_SD/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_spinand.bin $TMP_SD/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_spinor.bin $TMP_SD/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/FSBL.bin $TMP_SD/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/u-boot.itb $TMP_SD
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/env.bin $TMP_SD
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/riscv64-linux-gnu/opensbi/generic/fw_dynamic.itb $TMP_SD
cp bootfs.ext4 $TMP_SD
cp rootfs.ext4 $TMP_SD

下载参考分区表

wget -P $TMP_SD https://gitee.com/bianbu/firmware-config/raw/main/partition_universal.json

下载生成genimage.cfg的脚本，并生成genimage.cfg

wget -P $TMP_SD https://gitee.com/bianbu-linux/scripts/raw/bl-v2.0.y/gen_imgcfg.py
python3 $TMP_SD/gen_imgcfg.py -i $TMP_SD/partition_universal.json -n bianbu-custom.sdcard -o $TMP_SD/genimage.cfg

如果是打的desktop版本，修改一下genimage.cfg，把rootfs分区大小改为12G。

partition rootfs {
         image = "rootfs.ext4"
         offset = "260M"
         size = "12G"
         holes = {}
         in-partition-table = "true"
 }

生成SDCARD镜像

ROOTPATH_TMP="$(mktemp -d)"
GENIMAGE_TMP="$(mktemp -d)"
genimage \
    --config "$TMP_SD/genimage.cfg" \
    --rootpath "$ROOTPATH_TMP" \
    --tmppath "$GENIMAGE_TMP" \
    --inputpath "$TMP_SD" \
    --outputpath "."

当看到以下信息时，说明打包成功。

INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition 'bootinfo' from 'factory/bootinfo_sd.bin' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition 'fsbl' (in MBR) from 'factory/FSBL.bin' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition 'env' (in MBR) from 'env.bin' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition 'opensbi' (in MBR) from 'fw_dynamic.itb' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition 'uboot' (in MBR) from 'u-boot.itb' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition 'bootfs' (in MBR) from 'bootfs.ext4' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition 'rootfs' (in MBR) from 'rootfs.ext4' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition '[MBR]' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition '[GPT header]' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition '[GPT array]' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition '[GPT backup]' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): writing GPT
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): writing protective MBR
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): writing MBR
INFO: cmd: "rm -rf "/tmp/tmp.rX4fZ39DKG"/*" (stderr):

Bianbu Desktop 2.0 ROOTFS制作

环境要求​

docker​

qemu​

准备基础 rootfs​

必要配置​

配置源​

配置 DNS​

安装硬件相关的包​

安装元包​

通用配置​

配置地区​

配置时区​

配置时间服务器​

配置密码​

配置网络​

生成分区镜像​

制作固件​

Titan固件​

SDCARD镜像​