Bianbu 2.0 ROOTFS Creation

Prerequisites

The host machine is recommended to be Ubuntu 20.04/22.04, with docker CE and customized qemu-user-static (version 8.0.4, with Vector 1.0 support enabled by default) installed.

Docker

For Docker CE installation, refer to https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/.

QEMU

Uninstall binfmt-support

The customized qemu-user-static conflicts with binfmt-support since binfmt-support provides the /etc/init.d/binfmt-support SysVinit script, while the customized qemu-user-static provides a systemd service unit file /lib/systemd/system/systemd-binfmt.service. The /etc/init.d/binfmt-support script executes later than /lib/systemd/system/systemd-binfmt.service, causing it to overwrite the systemd settings.
```
sudo apt-get purge binfmt-support
```

Download the customized qemu

wget https://archive.spacemit.com/qemu/qemu-user-static_8.0.4%2Bdfsg-1ubuntu3.23.10.1_amd64.deb

Install the customized qemu

sudo dpkg -i qemu-user-static_8.0.4+dfsg-1ubuntu3.23.10.1_amd64.deb

Register qemu-user-static with the kernel to allow system-wide execution of riscv binaries (including within containers)
```
sudo systemctl restart systemd-binfmt.service
```
Verify the successful registration of qemu-user-static
```
wget https://archive.spacemit.com/qemu/rvv
chmod a+x rvv
./rvv
```
Seeing the following output indicates successful registration.
```
helloworld
spacemit
```

Prepare the Base ROOTFS

Create a working directory
```
mkdir ~/bianbu-workspace
```

Create and start the container

docker run --privileged -itd -v ~/bianbu-workspace:/mnt --name build-bianbu-rootfs harbor.spacemit.com/bianbu/bianbu:latest

Enter the container

docker exec -it -w /mnt build-bianbu-rootfs bash

Install basic tools

apt-get update
apt-get -y install wget uuid-runtime

Configure environment variables for later commands

export BASE_ROOTFS_URL=https://archive.spacemit.com/bianbu-base/bianbu-base-24.04-base-riscv64.tar.gz
export BASE_ROOTFS=$(basename "$BASE_ROOTFS_URL")
export TARGET_ROOTFS=rootfs

Download
```
wget $BASE_ROOTFS_URL
```

Extract to the specified directory

mkdir -p $TARGET_ROOTFS && tar -zxpf $BASE_ROOTFS -C $TARGET_ROOTFS

Mount some system resources into the rootfs

mount -t proc /proc $TARGET_ROOTFS/proc
mount -t sysfs /sys $TARGET_ROOTFS/sys
mount -o bind /dev $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev
mount -o bind /dev/pts $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts

Necessary Configuration

Configure Repository

First, set environment variables for subsequent commands

export REPO="archive.spacemit.com/bianbu"
export VERSION="v2.0"

Configure bianbu.sources

cat <<EOF | tee $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/apt/sources.list.d/bianbu.sources
Types: deb
URIs: https://$REPO/
Suites: noble/snapshots/$VERSION noble-security/snapshots/$VERSION noble-porting/snapshots/$VERSION noble-customization/snapshots/$VERSION
Components: main universe restricted multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/bianbu-archive-keyring.gpg
EOF

Configure DNS

echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" >$TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/resolv.conf

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "apt-get update"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades upgrade"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install initramfs-tools"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-esos img-gpu-powervr k1x-vpu-firmware k1x-cam spacemit-uart-bt spacemit-modules-usrload opensbi-spacemit u-boot-spacemit linux-image-6.6.36"

Install Metapackages

Different variants come with different metapackages:

Minimal: bianbu-minimal
Desktop: bianbu-desktop bianbu-desktop-zh bianbu-desktop-en bianbu-desktop-minimal-en bianbu-standard bianbu-development
NAS: bianbu-nas

minimal:

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-minimal"

Desktop: The minimal meta package needs to be installed first.

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-minimal"

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-desktop bianbu-desktop-zh bianbu-desktop-en bianbu-desktop-minimal-en bianbu-standard bianbu-development"

NAS:

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y --allow-downgrades install bianbu-nas"

General Configuration

Configure Locale

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "apt-get -y install locales"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo \"locales locales/locales_to_be_generated multiselect en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8, zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8\" | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo \"locales locales/default_environment_locale select zh_CN.UTF-8\" | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "sed -i 's/^# zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8/zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8/' /etc/locale.gen"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "dpkg-reconfigure --frontend=noninteractive locales"

Configure Timezone

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo 'tzdata tzdata/Areas select Asia' | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo 'tzdata tzdata/Zones/Asia select Shanghai' | debconf-set-selections"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "rm /etc/timezone"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "rm /etc/localtime"
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "dpkg-reconfigure --frontend=noninteractive tzdata"

Configure Time Server

sed -i 's/^#NTP=.*/NTP=ntp.aliyun.com/' $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf

Set Password

chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "echo root:bianbu | chpasswd"

Configure Network (Optional)

If you only installed the minimal (bianbu-minimal) metapackage, use netplan to configure the network:

cat <<EOF | tee $TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
network:
    version: 2
    renderer: networkd
    ethernets:
        end0:
            dhcp4: true
EOF
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "chmod 600 /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml"

If the Desktop (bianbu-desktop) meta package is installed, the configuration is as follows.

cat >$TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml <<EOF
# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
EOF
chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS /bin/bash -c "chmod 600 /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml"

Generate Partition Images

Before finalizing, ensure to unmount!

mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/proc" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/proc
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/sys" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/sys
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev/pts
mount | grep "$TARGET_ROOTFS/dev" > /dev/null && umount -l $TARGET_ROOTFS/dev

Generate UUID and write to /etc/fstab

UUID_BOOTFS=$(uuidgen)
UUID_ROOTFS=$(uuidgen)
cat >$TARGET_ROOTFS/etc/fstab <<EOF
# <file system>     <dir>    <type>  <options>                          <dump> <pass>
UUID=$UUID_ROOTFS   /        ext4    defaults,noatime,errors=remount-ro 0      1
UUID=$UUID_BOOTFS   /boot    ext4    defaults                           0      2
EOF

Move boot to a different directory, to separately create bootfs and rootfs partitions,

mkdir -p bootfs
mv $TARGET_ROOTFS/boot/* bootfs

Create bootfs.ext4,

mke2fs -d bootfs -L bootfs -t ext4 -U $UUID_BOOTFS bootfs.ext4 "256M"
mke2fs -d $TARGET_ROOTFS -L rootfs -t ext4 -N 524288 -U $UUID_ROOTFS rootfs.ext4 "2048M"

Create rootfs.ext4

Minimal:

mke2fs -d $TARGET_ROOTFS -L rootfs -t ext4 -N 524288 -U $UUID_ROOTFS rootfs.ext4 "2048"

Desktop:

mke2fs -d $TARGET_ROOTFS -L rootfs -t ext4 -N 524288 -U $UUID_ROOTFS rootfs.ext4 "8848M"

NAS:

mke2fs -d $TARGET_ROOTFS -L rootfs -t ext4 -N 524288 -U $UUID_ROOTFS rootfs.ext4 "4048M"

Now, you can see two partition images in the current directory, bootfs.ext4 and rootfs.ext4, which can be burned to the board using fastboot.

Create Firmware

Titan Image

Install dependencies
```
apt-get -y install zip
```

Copy required files for the image

export TMP=pack_dir
mkdir -p $TMP/factory/
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_emmc.bin $TMP/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_sd.bin $TMP/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_spinand.bin $TMP/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_spinor.bin $TMP/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/FSBL.bin $TMP/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/u-boot.itb $TMP
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/env.bin $TMP
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/riscv64-linux-gnu/opensbi/generic/fw_dynamic.itb $TMP
cp bootfs.ext4 $TMP
cp rootfs.ext4 $TMP

Download reference partition tables

wget -P $TMP https://gitee.com/bianbu/firmware-config/raw/main/fastboot.yaml
wget -P $TMP https://gitee.com/bianbu/firmware-config/raw/main/partition_2M.json
wget -P $TMP https://gitee.com/bianbu/firmware-config/raw/main/partition_flash.json
wget -P $TMP https://gitee.com/bianbu/firmware-config/raw/main/partition_universal.json

Package the image
```
cd $TMP
zip -r ../bianbu-custom.zip *
```

SDCARD Image

Here’s how to create an SDCARD image using genimage.

Install dependencies

echo 'tzdata tzdata/Areas select Asia' | debconf-set-selections
echo 'tzdata tzdata/Zones/Asia select Shanghai' | debconf-set-selections
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y install wget python3 genimage

Copy required files for the image

export TMP_SD=pack_dir
mkdir -p $TMP_SD/factory/
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_emmc.bin $TMP_SD/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_sd.bin $TMP_SD/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_spinand.bin $TMP_SD/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/bootinfo_spinor.bin $TMP_SD/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/FSBL.bin $TMP_SD/factory
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/u-boot.itb $TMP_SD
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/u-boot/spacemit/env.bin $TMP_SD
cp $TARGET_ROOTFS/usr/lib/riscv64-linux-gnu/opensbi/generic/fw_dynamic.itb $TMP_SD
cp bootfs.ext4 $TMP_SD
cp rootfs.ext4 $TMP_SD

Download reference partition table

wget -P $TMP_SD https://gitee.com/bianbu/firmware-config/raw/main/partition_universal.json

Download script to generate genimage.cfg and create genimage.cfg

wget -P $TMP_SD https://gitee.com/bianbu-linux/scripts/raw/bl-v1.0.y/gen_imgcfg.py
python3 $TMP_SD/gen_imgcfg.py -i $TMP_SD/partition_universal.json -n bianbu-custom.sdcard -o $TMP_SD/genimage.cfg

If it is the desktop version, modify the genimage.cfg and change the rootfs partition size to 12G.

partition rootfs {
         image = "rootfs.ext4"
         offset = "260M"
         size = "12G"
         holes = {}
         in-partition-table = "true"
 }

Generate SDCARD image

ROOTPATH_TMP="$(mktemp -d)"
GENIMAGE_TMP="$(mktemp -d)"
genimage \
    --config "$TMP_SD/genimage.cfg" \
    --rootpath "$ROOTPATH_TMP" \
    --tmppath "$GENIMAGE_TMP" \
    --inputpath "$TMP_SD" \
    --outputpath "."

If you see the following messages, the packaging was successful:

INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition 'bootinfo' from 'factory/bootinfo_sd.bin' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition 'fsbl' (in MBR) from 'factory/FSBL.bin' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition 'env' (in MBR) from 'env.bin' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition 'opensbi' (in MBR) from 'fw_dynamic.itb' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition 'uboot' (in MBR) from 'u-boot.itb' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition 'bootfs' (in MBR) from 'bootfs.ext4' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition 'rootfs' (in MBR) from 'rootfs.ext4' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition '[MBR]' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition '[GPT header]' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition '[GPT array]' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): adding partition '[GPT backup]' ...
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): writing GPT
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): writing protective MBR
INFO: hdimage(bianbu-custom): writing MBR
INFO: cmd: "rm -rf "/tmp/tmp.rX4fZ39DKG"/*" (stderr):

Bianbu 2.0 ROOTFS Creation

Prerequisites​

Docker​

QEMU​

Prepare the Base ROOTFS​

Necessary Configuration​

Configure Repository​

Configure DNS​

Install Hardware-related Packages​

Install Metapackages​

General Configuration​

Configure Locale​

Configure Timezone​

Configure Time Server​

Set Password​

Configure Network (Optional)​

Generate Partition Images​

Create Firmware​

Titan Image​

SDCARD Image​